EOTO Reflection: The First Email

While watching the EOTO presentations, one of the presentations that caught my attention focused on the first email sent in 1971 by Raymond Tomlinson. Tomlinson was a computer engineer at Bolt Beranek and Newman. His invention was revolutionary, as it enabled communication through ARPANET, a precursor to the modern internet. The ability to send messages between different computers completely changed how people connected, paving the way for the digital communication era we live in today.

I found it particularly interesting to learn about the first spam email, sent by Gary Thuerk, who worked for a computer company. His decision to send an email advertising a new computer model, which ultimately generated $13 million in sales from just 400 users, earned him the title of "the father of spam." This highlights how quickly businesses recognized the potential of email as a marketing tool, even if it came with some unintended consequences later down the line. For example, many of us deal with very full spam folders of information we do not want or need.

Another fascinating fact was that Bill Clinton became the first U.S. president to have a public email address. However, he reportedly only sent two emails during his presidency, one of which was to Senator John Glenn while he was in space. While this is not as many as I would've expected, it is fascinating to know that one of the first emails from a president was sent to outerspace.

The invention of email has proven to be extremely significant, becoming the primary mode of communication in professional settings. I appreciate that email doesn't require an instant response, unlike text messages, allowing for more thoughtful and composed communication. It’s crazy to think that just a few decades ago, this technology didn’t exist. Reflecting on how deeply ingrained email has become in our daily lives, both personally and professionally, makes me realize how far we’ve come in such a short time. This presentation not only showcased the key developments in email technology but also helped me realize just how crucial email is for connecting people all around the world today.

The Age of AI

The near future will be unlike anything we’ve experienced before. With the rapid rise of AI, our workplaces are heading toward a transformation that demands new skills and adaptability. The documentary Living in the Age of AI highlighted just how drastic these changes could be, from healthcare to national security. As AI technology evolves, so too must our understanding of how it impacts all parts of society.

One standout aspect for me was AI's role in healthcare. The idea that AI can analyze vast amounts of data to help diagnose diseases earlier and with more accuracy is game-changing. This could significantly improve patient outcomes by enabling healthcare providers to offer tailored, effective treatments. AI’s ability to sift through medical records and research data to find patterns that even skilled doctors might miss is not only impressive but crucial for the future of medicine. It speeds up the treatment process and allows for quicker interventions, potentially saving lives.

However, as much as AI offers remarkable benefits, it also presents some daunting challenges, particularly around privacy. The documentary raised essential questions about how our data is being used and who controls it. While personalized experiences like targeted ads can be convenient, there’s an unsettling feeling that every move we make is being tracked. This data collection, as the documentary pointed out, can lead to manipulation. For instance, the way platforms like Facebook use subtle cues to influence behavior is alarming, especially when we’re not fully aware of it. This brings up important ethical questions about consent and autonomy in a digital age driven by AI. How much control are we willing to give up for the sake of convenience? It also sparks questions about data security and what can be done to better protect our personal information from misuse.

National security was another key theme explored. The documentary made it clear that the race for AI dominance is heating up, particularly between the U.S. and China. While AI has the potential to strengthen defense systems and cybersecurity, it also introduces new risks. The U.S. is already investing heavily in AI to enhance warfighting capabilities, but challenges like a lack of skilled workers and slow adoption remain. The idea of AI being used for extreme surveillance on a national scale is especially unsettling. With both countries fighting for AI superiority, the stakes are incredibly high. This competition highlights how crucial it is to establish ethical guidelines and policies to prevent misuse. Learn more here.

This documentary paints a vivid picture of a future filled with both opportunities and challenges. AI’s advancements in fields like healthcare are undoubtedly exciting, but we also need to stay aware of the ethical dilemmas it brings, particularly regarding privacy, manipulation, and national security. We must have these conversations now, ensuring that as AI continues to evolve, we can guide it in ways that benefit society while maintaining our values of privacy and autonomy. The future is coming fast, and the choices we make today will determine the world we live in tomorrow.

Privacy On and Offline

For me and those close to me, what I’ve learned about privacy both online and offline has raised significant worries. Whether it’s the risk of being tracked by the police through license plate scanners or the threat of revenge porn, where private images are shared without consent, our digital lives are incredibly vulnerable. The potential for someone, whether a company or a malicious individual, to exploit or expose our personal information is a real and pressing concern.

This is a serious issue. I get that the government might need some data to keep us safe, but they have access to way too much information. Just from the few videos I watched on the topic, I already feel like my privacy is being invaded in ways I may not even realize. There needs to be a stronger effort to protect our privacy. Legislation like the ENOUGH Act proposed by former Senator Kamala Harris, aimed at criminalizing revenge porn, is a start, but we need more. There should be stricter limits on how law enforcement uses surveillance technology, and companies have to be held accountable for how they handle our personal data.

While learning all this may seem scary, thankfully there are steps we can take to better protect ourselves. For instance, Apple’s encryption of apps like FaceTime and iMessage are smart to use since they make it much harder for anyone to wiretap our calls or messages. Personally, I use Apple’s app for calls, and knowing it’s encrypted does make me feel safer. But beyond using secure tools, we also need to be smart about what we share online. Every post and every piece of personal data we put out there contributes to our "electric tattoo". Being mindful of what we share and who we trust with our information is crucial to avoiding a negative electric tattoo that will follow us around forever.

In short, while the threats to our privacy are serious and complex, we can take action both individually and collectively. By advocating for stronger privacy protections and being careful about our online habits, we can better protect our personal information and reduce the risk of exploitation in this digital age.

The product you can't live without: The iPhone

In 2007 at the Macworld Conference & Expo, the CEO of Apple Steve Jobs unveiled a device that would forever change the landscape of technology—the iPhone. This moment was transformative, not just for Apple, but for the entire tech industry.

Steve Jobs’ journey to becoming a visionary leader was anything but conventional. He dropped out of Reed College after just six months, finding that traditional education wasn’t quite the right path for him. He continued to explore subjects like calligraphy, which would later influence the design of the Macintosh computer. Jobs' innovation journey began in the 1970s when he co-founded Apple with Steve Wozniak in his parents' garage. Despite facing setbacks, including being fired from Apple at age 30, Jobs' resilience was impressive. He went on to found NeXT which was a computer platform, contributed to Pixar’s success, and eventually returned to Apple, where his passion and creativity solidified his legacy as the iconic turtleneck-wearing inventor we all remember.

The iPhone's initial concept was to merge the functions of an iPod, mobile phone, and internet device into a single, sleek product. At the time, smartphones were bulky, with physical keyboards and limited functions. Apple saw an opportunity to redefine the phone by creating a device that seamlessly integrated music, calls, and internet browsing through a touchscreen. Steve Jobs famously stated that “every once in a while, a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything.”  The iPhone did just that by becoming one of the best-selling products in history, with Apple reporting to have sold over 1 million iPhones within the first weekend.

Since its debut, Apple has introduced approximately 46 upgraded iPhone models, each enhancing how people communicate, work, and live. The iPhone revolutionized communication by making internet access, instant messaging, and social media engagement more convenient than ever before. It consolidated the functions of multiple devices—cell phones, MP3 players, cameras, and GPS systems—into one compact gadget, solving the problem of carrying several different devices.

However, the iPhone has also introduced some negative effects. It has contributed to increased screen time and significantly impacted social skills. A study on mobile device usage reveals that smartphones during in-person conversations can degrade the quality of interactions. Studies found that conversations without phones were rated higher in empathy and connection. Participants reported more engaging and empathetic discussions when phones were absent, while those with their phones out experienced lower levels of empathy, particularly in close relationships.

Moreover, a study on mobile device usage highlights that reliance on text-based communication via smartphones can reinforce avoidance behaviors and negatively impact the development of face-to-face interaction skills, especially in the younger generations. This shift toward digital communication often increases social anxiety, leading to challenges in managing interpersonal relationships and negatively affecting mental health and academic performance. The absence of physical cues in text-based interactions can limit opportunities for developing social competence, contributing to the difficulties faced by individuals who struggle with in-person communication.

Despite these challenges, the iPhone's impact on communication and technology has been largely positive. It has revolutionized how we stay connected, providing tools that enhance both personal and professional interactions. The device's innovations have not only made communication more efficient but have also paved the way for advancements in other fields, from education to health. As technology continues to evolve, the lessons learned from the iPhone's journey highlight the importance of balancing screen time with meaningful, face-to-face interactions. By embracing the benefits of this groundbreaking device while being mindful of its potential downsides, we can leverage its capabilities to positively impact our lives and foster more genuine connections.

Shifting Perspectives: What I Learned About the Supreme Court

Today, I watched a 2-part video about the Supreme Court, and my understanding of the system has grown and changed. I found out that all Supreme Court justices must be appointed by the President. This wasn’t something I had really thought about before, but I remembered that after Ruth Bader Ginsburg passed away, President Trump appointed the new Justice. I then realized I did know that fact—though I used to think there were other ways a justice could be appointed, like through the Senate or a committee selection process.

Caseload and Selectivity

I also learned that the Supreme Court receives more than 100 new cases each week, adding up to about 7,000 a year. I had no idea the caseload was so large, and it made me realize just how selective the Court has to be in choosing which cases to hear. This new information has shifted my view of the justices. I used to find them intimidating, probably because they hold so much power, and their decisions can have a huge impact on the country. However, it was refreshing to see their sense of humor and hear them speak vulnerably about their first days on the job. It made them seem more human and relatable, which wasn’t something I expected.

Granting Certiorari

An additional fact that stood out to me is that when it comes to granting or denying certiorari (which means deciding whether to review a case), the Supreme Court gives equal consideration to every petition, whether it’s from a high-priced lawyer or someone writing from prison. This was surprising because I assumed that those with more resources might have an advantage. Knowing that everyone gets the same amount of consideration gave me more respect for the Court and its commitment to fairness.

Interpretation and Evolution

Another surprising fact I learned, and probably the most surprising, is that justices aren’t allowed to bring issues to the court like the President can—they have to wait for the public to bring cases to them. I always assumed that being able to bring personal issues to the court would be a perk of the job, but that’s not the case.

My biggest takeaway is that while the Constitution hasn’t changed, the Supreme Court’s interpretation of it has had to evolve to fit our current society. For example, when the Constitution was written, Native Americans weren’t considered citizens, so the phrase “We the people” didn’t apply to them. Now, as we’ve progressed, the phrase includes all U.S. citizens, regardless of race or ethnicity. This really shows that the Court’s role is not just to interpret the law as it was written centuries ago, but to apply it in a way that makes sense in today’s world.

Top Five Sources of News and Information

As a Gen Z student, I’m constantly consuming information from multiple sources at all times. In this blog, I’ll be discussing my top five sources of news and information and why I’m so fond of them. As you’ll see in this post, I rely on different platforms for different types of information, ranging from academic research and entertainment to personal wellness.

Tik Tok 

As someone constantly seeking self-improvement, I’ve found that learning from others in quick, straightforward ways is incredibly effective for me, and that is why I’m such a fan of TikTok. Hearing people share their stories and experiences is inspiring. Through their stories, I’ve picked up some great habits along the way. For instance, I discovered a study technique that involves working in 25-minute increments with 5-minute breaks, which has significantly boosted my productivity. I’ve also learned proper exercise form and found healthy recipes that have become part of my routine.

Beyond self-improvement, TikTok has also become one of my go-to sources for news. I follow accounts like CNN and Yahoo News to stay updated on current events. While I’m aware that social media isn’t always the most reliable, I’ve still found TikTok to be an excellent resource for practical advice and ideas. Some of my best recipes and up-to-date knowledge have come from the platform.

Google Scholar   

I often rely on Google Scholar for my academic information because it provides a trustworthy collection of scholarly literature across various fields. Google Scholar’s focus on academic work ensures the credibility and relevance of the sources I find. It covers a wide range of topics, making it easy to explore new areas or find detailed information on specific subjects.

Another major advantage of Google Scholar, and why I would recommend it, is its citation feature. The platform provides ready-to-use citations in multiple formats, such as APA, MLA, and Chicago. This feature saves me valuable time, allowing me to focus more on my writing rather than formatting references.

Apple Podcasts

Out of all the information sources I rely on, Apple Podcasts probably brings me the most peace. There’s something uniquely comforting about being able to listen and learn while going about my day. I especially love wellness podcasts, and my top choice is the Mel Robbins Podcast. What sets her apart is her ability to share research-based insights in a way that’s both informative and entertaining. Whether she’s talking about overcoming anxiety, building better habits, or simply navigating life’s challenges, her advice always feels actionable and grounded in real science.

Another reason I’m so drawn to Apple Podcasts is due to its convenience. Unlike other forms of media that require my full attention, podcasts allow me to absorb valuable information while running errands, walking to class, or even just relaxing at home. It’s like having a personal mentor or coach in your ear, guiding you through whatever you’re dealing with at the moment. I highly recommend Apple Podcasts for anyone looking for motivation, practical tips, or trying to catch up on news or current events while going through their day.

Instagram

Another form of media I rely on for information is Instagram. What makes Instagram unique is how customized it is to each user. I follow a variety of accounts that keep me informed on everything from news to niche interests, but the main way I use Instagram is to stay connected with friends and family. Being in college means I’m not always close to home, so it’s amazing to have a platform that lets me see what everyone is up to and interact with them no matter where I am.

While staying connected with friends and family is my primary use, Instagram’s ability to provide a personalized feed also keeps me informed on news and new hobbies. Whether it’s discovering new hobbies or getting a daily dose of inspiration, Instagram has become a versatile tool for staying informed and connected in a way that feels both personal and engaging.

Google

Google is a tool I use daily for gathering information. What I love about Google is how it pulls together content from various platforms, like YouTube, to enhance whatever I’m researching. Whether I’m looking for articles, tutorials, or just exploring new topics, Google connects me with the most relevant resources across the web. The mix of visual content and written information is incredibly useful, especially when I need a clear understanding of a subject.

8 Values of Free Expression

In a world where expression shapes our experiences and society, it's vital to understand the values that support free speech. In today's post, we'll explore the 8 Values of Free Expression. To give you some context, here’s a brief breakdown of these values:

• Marketplace of Ideas: Truth wins when ideas compete freely.
• Participation in Self-Government: Free speech ensures informed voting and democracy.
• Stable Change: Letting people speak out prevents violence.
• Self-Fulfillment: Free speech helps people express themselves and grow.
• Check on Governmental Power: Free speech exposes and limits government abuse.
• Promote Tolerance: Protecting all speech teaches us to be more tolerant.
• Promote Innovation: Free speech encourages creativity and new ideas.
• Protect Dissent: Free speech safeguards the right to disagree with the majority.

Let’s dive into these values and explore which ones resonate with me the most.

Out of these eight, the value that resonates most deeply with me is Individual Self-Fulfillment.

This one is personal to me because being true to myself is my number one priority. I’m grateful to live in a country where I can express my authentic self without intense fear, and I've seen just how much I've grown by doing so. For instance, in a classroom setting, I genuinely appreciate open discussions where everyone can share their perspectives in a safe space. Even if I don’t necessarily agree with someone’s viewpoint, I fully support their right to express it because those conversations can lead to growth for both of us. 

Self-Fulfillment also plays a significant role in how I connect with others. I’ve found that the people I bond with most are often those who share similar interests and values. Having the freedom to express myself allows me to attract like-minded people into my life. This freedom to express ourselves isn't just about talking—it's about being seen for who we truly are and finding our place in the world. Ultimately, being able to speak openly and honestly improves mental well-being, reduces feelings of isolation, and fosters a sense of belonging and validation. More information on this topic can be found in an article from the Anxiety and Depression Association of America.

While Self-Fulfillment holds a personal significance for me, I believe the most crucial value is Stable Change. Allowing people to voice their disagreement helps them release their frustrations, essentially giving them a chance to calm down. If people were denied the right to speak out against what they disagree with, those emotions could fester, potentially leading to an increase in riots and other violent acts of rebellion. By providing a platform for open expression, society can address grievances before they escalate into something more destructive, contributing to a more stable and peaceful environment.

In terms of current events, the value I see most often in the news is Check on Governmental Power. The media plays a crucial role in exposing government actions, holding officials accountable, and keeping the public informed about potential abuses of power. A recent article from Juristnews highlights how legal experts are actively challenging unethical practices within the U.S. government. The article emphasizes how the erosion of ethical norms has created opportunities for unchecked power, making it more important than ever for journalists and advocates to expose these issues. This is a prime example of how free speech ensures transparency and keeps those in power accountable.

In summary, while each of the 8 Values of Free Expression has its place in society, some resonate more personally with me than others. Individual Self-Fulfillment speaks to my core because it aligns with my commitment to being true to myself. At the same time, Stable Change and Check on Governmental Power are crucial for maintaining a peaceful, fair, and just society. These values aren't just theoretical concepts—they're active forces that shape the world we live in today.